The fight over the Patriot Act left a lot of bruises in Congress.
Lawmakers on both sides of the debate threw punches and took their fair share of lumps over the USA Freedom Act, which renewed lapsed portions of the Patriot Act and ended the National Security Agency’s controversial phone data collection.
{mosads}But some jabs stung a little harder than others. Here’s who came out on top and who let themselves get trumped:
WINNERS
Sens. Patrick Leahy and Mike Lee
Leahy (D-Vt.) and Lee (R-Utah) are separated by 32 years in age, hundreds of miles between their states and a partisan divide that is as stark as it has ever been.
But the veteran liberal and upstart Tea Party favorite were the driving force behind the USA Freedom Act, and they twisted enough arms in both parties to bring home 67 votes on Tuesday evening.
In the process, the lawmakers demonstrated the new power of a growing coalition of liberal Democrats and libertarian Republicans, which can undermine Republican leadership.
Reps. Bob Goodlatte, Jim Sensenbrenner, John Conyers Jr., Jerrold Nadler
The four lawmakers on the House Judiciary Committee carefully crafted a compromise bill that, while not going as far as many would have liked, nonetheless secured a huge win in the House.
Goodlatte (R-Va.), the committee’s chairman; Sensenbrenner (R-Wis.); Conyers (D-Mich.) and Nadler (D-N.Y.) negotiated not just among themselves but also with leaders of the House Intelligence Committee and with the Obama administration. That way, they made sure the legislation would hold up to scrutiny from the intelligence committee.
The coordination was not without risks. The lawmakers had to hold off multiple attempts at amending the bill, which, they said, would disrupt its careful calibration.
But in the end, 338 lawmakers voted for the bill in the House — an extraordinarily high number in a time of intense partisanship.
The push was aided by the authoritative voice of Sensenbrenner, the original author of the Patriot Act, who made clear he never intended for the NSA to collect millions of Americans’ phone records.
Sen. Harry Reid
The Senate Democratic leader relished every chance he got to lambaste his counterpart, GOP Leader Mitch McConnell (Ky.).
Reid (D-Nev.) skillfully kept his party nearly unified throughout a week and a half of harried voting.
At the same time, he appeared only too happy to point out the foibles of McConnell, who had broken with Speaker John Boehner (R-Ohio) and showed an inability to gauge the temperature of his own party.
Edward Snowden
Though most lawmakers won’t admit it, and a surprising number insist on calling him “Eric Snowden,” the former contractor and high-profile government leaker made the USA Freedom Act possible.
His first leaks about the NSA’s unknown capabilities emerged two years ago this week, and the man’s name seemed to be on the tip of everyone’s tongue.
While defenders of the intelligence community accused him of exposing the country to new risks, reformers made clear that no changes would have been possible if the American public had not been made aware of the extent of the NSA’s surveillance.
LOSERS
Sen. Mitch McConnell
The Senate majority leader repeatedly misjudged his own caucus and lost on practically every battle he pushed.
First, McConnell and Intelligence Committee Chairman Richard Burr (R-N.C.) attempted to push a “clean” reauthorization of the Patriot Act provisions for five years.
When that became clearly untenable, McConnell pushed that extension down to two months — enough time, he said, to write a new “compromise” bill.
That plan died in the early hours of the morning over the Memorial Day weekend, when it couldn’t even get the backing of a majority of the chamber. Then, the majority leader seemed to have underestimated Sens. Rand Paul (R-Ky.), Ron Wyden (D-Ore.) and Martin Heinrich (D-N.M.), who opposed his attempt to push back the deadline by just a few days.
As a last-ditch effort, McConnell and Burr pushed for three amendments on Tuesday, which they said would be minor and “common-sense” changes to the legislation.
But privacy advocates said they would dramatically water down the bill, and House lawmakers said it threatened to blow up the whole process.
In the end, all three amendments failed to obtain a simple majority.
Sen. Lindsey Graham
The South Carolina Republican has been proud of his status as a hawk in Congress.
Ahead of Tuesday’s vote, he repeatedly criticized the effort to rein in the NSA and has characterized Snowden as a traitor.
But when it came time to vote, Graham missed it. He was campaigning for president in New Hampshire.
Graham was the only senator not present during voting Tuesday. However, had he been in town, he said on Twitter, he would have voted against the USA Freedom Act.
Sen. Chuck Grassley
The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, which the Patriot Act updated, is traditionally the domain of the Judiciary Committee.
But Grassley (R-Iowa), the new committee chairman, showed no interest in taking up the issue this year, even as his colleagues in the House worked long hours to hammer out a deal.
Instead, Grassley found himself on the outside looking in, with practically no input in how the debate turned out.
MIXED
Sen. Rand Paul
Paul brought the Senate to its knees last week and single-handedly ensured three portions of the Patriot Act expired — if only for two days.
But the Kentucky Republican also irked lawmakers in his own party and caused rifts that might not be able to heal.
Fellow Republicans openly accused Paul of jeopardizing national security to fill up his campaign coffers. He also seriously damaged his relationship with McConnell, his fellow Kentucky Republican who has endorsed his bid for president.
At the same time, Paul’s grandstanding against the law rocketed his name back into the headlines and likely mobilized his core group of supporters.
Whether that has any impact on his chances of becoming the GOP presidential nominee remain to be seen.